Desain grafis merupakan cabang ilmu dari seni visual yang tidak bisa lepas dari ilmu psikologi. Peran psikologi dalam desain grafis meliputi bagaimana seseorang secara psikis merespon tampilan visual disekitarnya. Oleh karena itu, mempelajari teori psikologi sangat dianjurkan bagi desainer grafis untuk menciptakan tampilan visual yang cerdas dan efektif. Salah satu teori psikologi yang paling populer dan banyak digunakan dalam desain grafis adalah teori Gestalt.
Gestalt merupakan sebuah teori psikologi yang menyatakan bahwa seseorang akan cenderung mengelompokkan apa dia lihat disekitarnya menjadi suatu kesatuan utuh berdasarkan pola, hubungan, dan kemiripan. Teori ini dibangun oleh 3 ilmuwan asal Jerman yaitu: Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, and Wolfgang Köhler.
Gestalt dalam Desain Grafis
Gestalt banyak digunakan dalam desain grafis karena menjelaskan bagaimana persepsi visual bisa terbentuk. Prinsip-prinsip Gestalt yang banyak diterapkan dalam desain grafis antara lain adalah proximity (kedekatan posisi), similarity (kesamaan bentuk), closure (penutupan bentuk), continuity (kesinambungan pola), dan figure Ground.
1. Proximity (kedekatan posisi)
Objek-objek yang berdekatan posisinya akan dikelompokkan sebagai suatu kesatuan.

Objek-objek pada logo unilever diatas dipersepsikan sebagai sebuah kelompok (huruf 'U') karena memiliki kedekatan posisi satu sama lain.
2. Similarity (kesamaan bentuk)
Objek-objek yang bentuk dan elemennya mirip akan dikelompokkan sebagai suatu kesatuan.

Tiga segitiga di bagian bawah logo diatas sejatinya adalah bagian dari ikon burung di logo tersebut. Namun karena memiliki kesamaan bentuk dengan segitiga lain, objek tersebut dipersepsikan sebagai bagian kelompok segitiga yang membentuk lingkaran.
3. Closure (penutupan bentuk)
Suatu objek akan dianggap utuh walaupun bentuknya tidak tertutup sepenuhnya.

Kita dapat mengenali bahwa ikon pada logo WWF adalah seekor panda. Padahal, gambar tersebut tidaklah lengkap atau belum tertutup sepenuhnya.
4. Continuity (kesinambungan pola)
Objek akan dipersepsikan sebagai suatu kelompok karena adanya kesinambungan pola.

Lingkaran-lingkaran diatas dipersepsikan sebagai suatu kelompok karena polanya berkesinambungan. Walaupun sebenarnya objek-objek tersebut terpisah satu sama lain.
5. Figure Ground
Sebuah objek bisa dilihat sebagai dua objek dengan permainan foreground dan background. Masing-masing bisa diidentifikasi sebagai objek tanpa harus membentuknya menjadi solid.

Gambar diatas ini adalah gambar sebuah objek. Namun dengan memanfaatkan teori figure ground, gambar mampu menampilkan 2 buah objek (objek guci dan siluet wajah)
Gestalt menjelaskan bagaimana secara psikologi seseorang mencerna apa yang dilihatnya. Dengan memahami prinsip kerja kecenderungan persepsi visual manusia melalui Gestalt, desainer dapat memahami bagaimana fungsi sampainya suatu pesan terhadap audiens.
Thanks for reading..semoga bermanfaat!
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Such a beautifully articulated breakdown of how Gestalt principles shape our visual perception in graphic design! I really appreciated how you explained the psychological foundations behind elements like proximity, similarity, and closure—seeing how they guide both user experience and artistic expression was enlightening. This makes me rethink how I structure compositions for clarity and impact. Wonderful read—thank you!
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I really appreciate how your article, ‘Teori Gestalt dalam Desain Grafis,’ offers such a clear and thoughtful explanation of Gestalt’s core principles—like proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and figure–ground—and how they influence visual perception. Your choice of illustrative examples (like the WWF logo for closure and the Unilever logo for proximity and similarity) makes the concepts tangible and engaging.
On a different note, for anyone juggling creative projects with academic responsibilities—whether it’s a design brief or needing financial management assignment help—this blog is a great reminder of how structured thinking, much like Gestalt principles, can guide clarity and coherence in both visuals and studies. Well done!
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